Endnotes
1 J.G.J. Oliver, K.M Schure, and J.A.H.W. Peters, “Trends in Global CO2 and Total Greenhouse Gas emissions,” Published December, 2017, https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2017-trends-in-global-co2-and-total-greenhouse-gas-emissons-2017-report_2674.pdf
2 Joyce, Huesemann Michael, Huesemann, Techno-Fix: Why Technology Won’t Save Us Or the Environment. Gabriola Island, United States: New Society Publishers, 2011.
3 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),“Total Energy- Monthly energy Review,” Last modified January 26, 2021, https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/.
4 Gleckman, Howard, “Economists Love Carbon Taxes. Voters Don’t,” Tax Policy Center, Last modified, December 2018, https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox/economists-love-carbon-taxes-voters-dont.
5 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), “Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs),” Last modified January 30, 2020, https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=96&t=3.
5 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), “Total Energy Monthly Data,” Last modified January 26, 2021, https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/.
6 Squatriglia, Chuck, “Slow Down and Spare the Planet,” Wired, Last modified June 4, 2017, https://www.wired.com/2010/06/50-mph-speed-limit-curb-emissions/
7 Matthijs Otten, and Huib Van Essen.,“Why Slower is Better: Pilot Study on the Climate Gains of Motorway Speed Reduction,” CE Delft, Published February, 2010.
8 MAGNA, “MAGNA Advertising Forecasts (Fall Update – Executive Summary),” Published September 20, 2018, https://magnaglobal.com/magna-advertising-forecasts-fall-update-executive-summary/.
9 Harris, Alexander, Bruce Goldberg, John Egan, Matthew Brenn, Kerry Curry, Jay Fitzgerald, and David Kotter, “Self Storage Industry News,” The SpareFoot Storage Beat, Last modified January 27, 2021, https://www.sparefoot.com/self-storage/news/.
10 Ritchie, Hannah, “How Do CO2 Emissions Compare When We Adjust for Trade?” Our World in Data, Published October 07, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/consumption-based-co2.
11 Chisholm, Bill, Dave Gardner, Julie Huntington, Jeff Spradling, Star Coulbrooke, Chad Niehaus, Michael Stofko, et al., “The Gospel of Consumption,” Orion Magazine, Published February 20, 2015, https://orionmagazine.org/article/the-gospel-of-consumption/.
12 Hạnh, Nhất, Being Peace. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 1987.
13 Al-Mawlawi, Ali, “Iraq’s 2018 Federal Budget: Key Features and Trends,” Al-Bayan Center for Planning and Studies, Published March 17, 2018, http://www.bayancenter.org/en/2018/03/1461/.
13 Crawford, Neta C.,“Costs of War,” Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs, Brown University. Published November 14, 2018, https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2018/Crawford_Costs%20of%20War%20Estimates%20Through%20FY2019.pdf.
13 McCarthy, Joe, “China Is Spending 3 Times as Much as the US on Renewable Energy,” Global Citizen, Published April 10, 2018, https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/china-spends-three-times-as-much-on-renewable-ener/.
14 Sönnichsen, N.,“Countries with Highest Primary Energy Consumption,” Statista, Published November 5, 2020, https://www.statista.com/statistics/263455/primary-energy-consumption-of-selected-countries/.
14 Windustry, “How Much Do Wind Turbines Cost?” Accessed January 30, 2021, http://www.windustry.org/how_much_do_wind_turbines_cost#:~:text=Commercial%20Wind%20Turbines,%243%2D%244%20million%20installed.
14 Worldometer, “Countries in the World by Population (2021),” Worldometer, Last modified, 2021, https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/.
15 Sweet, Ryan, “How Natural Disasters Affect U.S. GDP,” Economic View, Published August 31, 2017, https://www.economy.com/economicview/analysis/296804/How-Natural-Disasters-Affect-US-GDP.
16 Ministerio de relaciones exteriores. Vivir Bien. Secretaría Técnica Planifica Ecuador. http://www.planificacion.gob.bo/uploads/Vivir_bien.pdf
17 IPCC, “Summary for Policymakers,” Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5 ºC, Published October 6, 2018, https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/.
Bibliography
Al-Mawlawi, Ali. “Iraq’s 2018 Federal Budget: Key Features and Trends.” Al-Bayan Center for Planning and Studies. Published March 17, 2018. http://www.bayancenter.org/en/2018/03/1461/.
Chisholm, Bill, Dave Gardner, Julie Huntington, Jeff Spradling, Star Coulbrooke, Chad Niehaus, Michael Stofko, et al. “The Gospel of Consumption.” Orion Magazine. Published February 20, 2015. https://orionmagazine.org/article/the-gospel-of-consumption/.
Crawford, Neta C. “Costs of War.” Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs. Brown University. Published November 14, 2018. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2018/Crawford_Costs%20of%20War%20Estimates%20Through%20FY2019.pdf.
Gleckman, Howard. “Economists Love Carbon Taxes. Voters Don’t.” Tax Policy Center. Last modified, December 2018. https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox/economists-love-carbon-taxes-voters-dont.
Hạnh, Nhất. Being Peace. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 1987.
Harris, Alexander, Bruce Goldberg, John Egan, Matthew Brenn, Kerry Curry, Jay Fitzgerald, and David Kotter. “Self Storage Industry News.” The SpareFoot Storage Beat. Last modified January 27, 2021. https://www.sparefoot.com/self-storage/news/.
IPCC. “Summary for Policymakers.” Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5 ºC. Published October 6, 2018. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/.
J.G.J. Oliver, K.M Schure, and J.A.H.W. Peters. “Trends in Global CO2 and Total Greenhouse Gas emissions.” Published December, 2017. https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2017-trends-in-global-co2-and-total-greenhouse-gas-emissons-2017-report_2674.pdf
Joyce, Huesemann Michael. Huesemann. Techno-Fix: Why Technology Won’t Save Us Or the Environment. Gabriola Island, United States: New Society Publishers, 2011.
MAGNA. “MAGNA Advertising Forecasts (Fall Update – Executive Summary).” Published September 20, 2018. https://magnaglobal.com/magna-advertising-forecasts-fall-update-executive-summary/.
Matthijs Otten, and Huib Van Essen. “Why Slower is Better: Pilot Study on the Climate Gains of Motorway Speed Reduction.” CE Delft. Published February, 2010.
McCarthy, Joe. “China Is Spending 3 Times as Much as the US on Renewable Energy.” Global Citizen. Published April 10, 2018. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/china-spends-three-times-as-much-on-renewable-ener/.
Ministerio de relaciones exteriores. Vivir Bien. Secretaría Técnica Planifica Ecuador. http://www.planificacion.gob.bo/uploads/Vivir_bien.pdf
Ritchie, Hannah. “How Do CO2 Emissions Compare When We Adjust for Trade?” Our World in Data. Published October 07, 2019. https://ourworldindata.org/consumption-based-co2.
Sönnichsen, N. “Countries with Highest Primary Energy Consumption.” Statista. Published November 5, 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/263455/primary-energy-consumption-of-selected-countries/.
Squatriglia, Chuck. “Slow Down and Spare the Planet.” Wired. Last modified June 4, 2017. https://www.wired.com/2010/06/50-mph-speed-limit-curb-emissions/
Sweet, Ryan. “How Natural Disasters Affect U.S. GDP.” Economic View. Published August 31, 2017. https://www.economy.com/economicview/analysis/296804/How-Natural-Disasters-Affect-US-GDP.
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).“Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs).” Last modified January 30, 2020. https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=96&t=3.
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). “Total Energy Monthly Data.” Last modified January 26, 2021. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/.
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).“Total Energy- Monthly energy Review.” Last modified January 26, 2021. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/.
Windustry. “How Much Do Wind Turbines Cost?” Accessed January 30, 2021. http://www.windustry.org/how_much_do_wind_turbines_cost#:~:text=Commercial%20Wind%20Turbines,%243%2D%244%20million%20installed.
Worldometer. “Countries in the World by Population (2021).” Worldometer. Last modified, 2021. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/.
Harper’s Index
2018 Federal Budget: Iraq, February 15* source: [note]https://www.bayancenter.org/en/2018/03/1461/[/note]
Average sale price of oil, 2018: $46/ barrel
Assumed export average: 3.888 million barrels per day
Projected oil revenue, 2018: 77,160 billion IQD (Iraqi Dinar currency)
Non-oil revenue share, 2018: 16%
Total government spending in comparison to 2017: +3.5%
2018 spending: 104 trillion IQD
Government salaries, 2018: 34,802 billion IQD
Pensions and social support expenditures, 2018: 15,162 billion IQD
Ministry of Electricity total spending, 2018: 6,295 billion IQD
Percent increase from 2017: +113%
Percent cut in budget for Ministry of Migration and Displacement, 2018: 50%
Decrease in IDP’s (internally displaced persons) in 2018 compared to 2017: 700,000 less
Factor increase in returnees, 2018: more than double
Returnees 2017 and 2018: 2017- 1.6 million, 2018- 3.5 million
Defense ministry spending budget, 2018: 7,487 billion IQD
Percent change from 2017: -15%
Costs of War, February 15* source [note]https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2020/Police%20Militarization_Costs%20of%20War_Sept%2016%202020.pdf[/note]
Number of people who’ve died from direct war violence since 2001: +801,000
Factor increase in deaths from indirect war violence: several times higher
Civilians killed as a result of war fighting since 2001: 335,000
Total human casualties from post 9/11 wars (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Syria/ISIS, Yemen, etc): 770,000-801,000
United States spending/cost of post 9/11 wars: $6.4+ trillion
Number of countries experiencing counter-terror activities conducted by the United States: 80
Number of Afghan, Iraqi, Pakistani, and Syrian internally displaced persons or war refugees: 21 million
Total U.S post 9/11 war displacement: 37 million
United States Iraq and Afghanistan war troop casualties, 2019: +7,000
Military equipment transferred to law enforcement agencies before 9/11: $ 27+ million
Since 9/11: $1.6+ billion
Carbon Taxes, February 15* source: [note]https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox/economists-love-carbon-taxes-voters-dont[/note]
Percent of voters who supported a carbon tax, 2018: 44%
Purposed 2018 carbon tax revenues: $1 billion by 2023
Proposed federal tax levy cost per ton of carbon emitted: $20= 4.4 cents per liter gasoline
Cost per ton by 2020: $50
Carbon emissions tax in France: €44.6 per ton
Year this price is set to double: 2022
Estimated profits by 2018: €34 billion
Percent designated for future green projects: 20%
Percent used to reduce the nation’s budget deficit: 80%
Cost of a gallon of gas in France, 2018: $6
Number of years the United States government has been unwilling to raise the gas tax: 25 (2018)
Global warming of 1.5 ℃, February 15* source: [note]https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/[/note]
Degree of global warming experienced by 2100 based on current national mitigation: 3℃
Global greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 based on 1.5 ℃ global warming pathway: less than 35 GtCO2eq yr-1
Percent reduction from 2010 levels: 40-50%
Global greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 based on the Paris Agreement: 52-58 GtCO2eq yr-1
Approximate global warming caused by human activities: 1.0℃
Likely time period we will see global warming reach 1.5℃: between 2030-2052
Advertising, February 15* source: [note]https://magnaglobal.com/magna-advertising-forecasts-fall-update-executive-summary/[/note]
Digital advertising revenues, 2018: $100+ billion
Percentage of total United States advertising sales: 51.5%
Percent decrease of non-digital advertising sales, 2018: – 4.6%
Annual advertising revenue growth, 2018: +6.9%
Advertising dollars from cyclical events, 2018: $4.3 billion
Media owners net advertising sales, 2018: $207 billion
Percentage growth from previous year: +6.9%
Renewable Energy Comparison, February 15* source: [note]https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/china-spends-three-times-as-much-on-renewable-ener/[/note]
China’s percentage of electricity from renewables: 26% (2018)
Globally average: 12.3%
Ratio of dollars spent on renewable energy between the U.S and China: 1:3
World investment in renewable energy, 2017: $279.8 billion
China’s contribution to this total: $126.6 billion
United States contribution (second largest): $40.5 billion
Primary Energy Comparison, February 15* source: [note]https://www.statista.com/statistics/263455/primary-energy-consumption-of-selected-countries/[/note]
China’s primary energy consumption, 2019: 141.7 exajoules
Global rank: highest
United States primary energy consumption, 2019: 94.65 exajoules
Global rank: second highest
India’s primary energy consumption, 2019: 34.06 exajoules
Global rank: third highest
Slowing down/ easing up on the accelerator, February 18 *source: [note]https://www.wired.com/2010/06/50-mph-speed-limit-curb-emissions/[/note]
Decrease in transportation-related emissions with a maximum speed limit reduction to 50 mph: -30%
Decrease for smaller reductions: between 8-21%
Fuel economy boost associated with a decrease of 5mph when travelling 35-45 mph: up to 10%
Fuel consumption reduction associated with a speed decrease from 70-55 mph: 25%
Barrels of oil saved by lowering the national speed limit to 55 mph: 175,000-275,000 barrels/day
United States oil consumption, 2010: 19.5 million barrels/day
Amount of vehicle miles traveled directly affected by a 55 mph limit: less than 1/4
Natural disasters and GDP, February 18 *source: [note]https://www.economy.com/economicview/analysis/296804/How-Natural-Disasters-Affect-US-GDP[/note]
United States cost of hurricane Katrina: 0.86% of GDP
Home and Vehicle damage estimates for hurricane Harvey: $30-$40 billion
Cost of business damages: $10-$15 billion
Cost of infrastructure damage: $5-$10 billion
Percent of United States GDP accounted for by the Harvey impact region: 3%
Associated GDP growth decrease: 0.12% point
Total nominal United States salary income accounted for by the Houston Metro area: 2.5%
U.S residential electricity use, February 18 *source: [note]https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=96&t=3[/note]
Total United States residential electricity use, 2020: 1,504 billion kWh
Percent space heating and cooling: 31% (426 billion kWh)
Percent water heating: 12% (178 billion kWh)
Percent Refrigeration: 6% (87 billion kWh)
Percent clothes dryer: 5% (63 billion kWh)
United States Energy Consumption, February 18 *source: [note]https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/flow/css_2019_energy.pdf[/note]
Total United States energy consumption (source), 2019: 100.2 Quadrillion Btu
Percent Petroleum energy: 37% (36.7 Quadrillion Btu)
Percent Natural gas energy: 32% (32.1 Quadrillion Btu)
Percent Renewable energy: 11% (11.5 Quadrillion Btu)
Percent Coal energy: 11% (11.3 Quadrillion Btu)
Percent Nuclear energy: 8% (8.5 Quadrillion Btu)
Total United States energy consumption (end-use sector), 2019: 75.9 Quadrillion Btu
Percent transportation: 37% (28.2 Quadrillion Btu)
Percent industrial: 35% (26.3 Quadrillion Btu)
Percent residential: 16% (11.9 Quadrillion Btu)
Percent Commercial: 12% (9.4 Quadrillion Btu)
Wind Turbine Cost, February 18 *source: [note]https://www.windustry.org/how_much_do_wind_turbines_cost#:~:text=Commercial%20Wind%20Turbines,%243%2D%244%20million%20installed[/note]
Wind Turbine cost per kW capacity: $3,000-$8,000 under 100 kW
Cost of 10 kW system needed to power a large home: $50,000-$80,000+
Utility scale wind turbine cost: $1.3–$2.2 million per Megawatt installed capacity
Size and cost of installed commercial-scale turbines: 2 Megawatt, $3-$4 million
World countries by population, February 18 *source: [note]https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/[/note]
China’s population, 2020: 1.44 billion
India’s population, 2020: 1.38 billion
United States population, 2020: 331 million
Indonesia population, 2020: 273 million
The Fact Sheet
Introduction
[note]https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/01/magazine/climate-change-losing-earth.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news[/note]
Patience
Data on clothes dryers: [note]https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=96&t=3[/note]
Driving slow: [note]https://www.wired.com/2010/06/50-mph-speed-limit-curb-emissions/[/note]
Enoughness
2018 US advertising spending: https://magnaglobal.com/magna-advertising-forecasts-fall-update-executive-summary/
US storage industry statistics: https://www.sparefoot.com/self-storage/news/1432-self-storage-industry-statistics/
Percent of US storage facilities that offer heating, cooling, or humidity control: 54.9%
https://www.selfstorage.org/Blog/ArticleID/6/Data-Spotlight-Climate-Control
Peace
United States Budgetary Costs of the Post-9/11 Wars Through FY2019 from the Watson Institute of International & Public Affairs, Brown University: https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2018/Crawford_Costs%20of%20War%20Estimates%20Through%20FY2019.pdf
Iraq’s 2018 budget: 87,492,720 USD (converted from 104,158,000,000 IQD) from the Al-Bayan Center for Planning and Studies: http://www.bayancenter.org/en/2018/03/1461/
Estimated population of Iraq: 40 million
Estimated population of Afghanistan: 37 million
5.9 trillion USD / 77 million people = 76,623 USD per person in Iraq and Afghanistan
5.9 trillion USD / 328.9 million people in US = $17,939 paid per person in the US
$279.8 billion global renewable energy spending in 2017 (https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/china-spends-three-times-as-much-on-renewable-ener/)
$40.5 billion us 2017 renewable spending (same source)
In military speak, fuel consumption is measured in “barrels per hour,” “gallons per minute,” and “gallons per mile.”
The M-1 Abrams tank gets 0.2 miles per gallon; the Apache helicopter, 0.5; the Humvee, 4.0. The F-16 Fighter Jet uses 28 gallons per minute; the B-52 Stratocruiser, an astonishing 500 gallons per minute.
1.2% of US carbon emissions: Barry Sanders the Green Zone